'-ing' Form of Adjective, Noun, and Gerund

Fashion In The 90’s

                In the 1930’s, fashion mostly comprised of spectacular geometric lines inspired by elegant moments in the deco’s art. Designers emphasized the feminine form in the 1930’s and gave soft lines to women dresses.

                However, if we have a look at 1940’s trends, because of the limitations of the war, trends changed and women’s clothing became more masculine.

                As the world went through the wounds of the war, Christian Dior was creating a silhouette that elicited a thin waist and feminism. In the 1950’s trends were determined by Dior's new-look style. All Hollywood stars, especially Marilyn Monroe, embraced this new trend.

                Looking from the past to the present, I think the 1990’s were also one of the most remarkable times in fashion world. Casual style was greatly affected by minimalism and grunge. We see the reflections of the 80’s at the beginning of the 90’s-tights, shoulder pads, large t-shirts and neon colours were indispensable.

                As we can see in today's fashion, it is like a reflection and combination of the past. We see fashion is like a circle where designers travel back and combine the old fashion with new creative ideas. It looks like we will continue traveling in the fashion circle in the forthcoming years.

Explanation:

1.       However, if we have a look at 1940’s trends, because of the limitations of the war, trends changed and women’s clothing became more masculine.

                Based on the sentence above ‘clothing’ is –ing form of noun. And ‘clothing’ has two morphological unit identified ‘cloth’ as root and ‘-ing’ as suffix.

2.       As the world went through the wounds of the war, Christian Dior was creating a silhouette that elicited a thin waist and feminism.

                Based on the sentence above ‘creating’ is the present participle as adjective. ‘Creating’ has two morphological identified ‘create’ as root and ‘-ing’ as suffix. ‘Create’ as verb and since ‘create’ is modified by suffix –ing, the unit ‘create + -ing’ has changed into present participle. Thus, ‘creating’ is –ing form of adjective.

3.       We see the reflections of the 80’s at the beginning of the 90’s-tights, shoulder pads, large t-shirts and neon colours were indispensable.

                Based on the sentence above ‘beginning’ is –ing form of noun. And ‘beginning’ has two morphological unit identified ‘begin’ as root and ‘-ing’ as suffix.

4.       It looks like we will continue traveling in the fashion circle in the forthcoming years.

                Based on the sentence above ‘traveling’ is –ing form of gerund. Since the previous word ‘continue’ is verb as gerund, it must be following verb + -ing. ‘Traveling’ has two morphological unit identified ‘travel’ as root and ‘-ing’ as suffix.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Pinokio

            Once upon a time there are a poor old wood carver named Gepeto. One day he was making a puppet from a tree branch, and Gepeto said,“you shall be my little boy and call you  Pinokio”. He worked very hard carving each detail. After he finished the puppet he was very shock because the puppet just talk to him, “you can talk?”, Gepeto surprised. Pinokio answered, “Of course I can silly. Just give me a mouth to talk with”. Gepeto was very happy, and he asked to himself if he has a normal life just like a normal boy.
            The next day Pinokio just have a normal life like a normal boy including school. On the way to school Pinokio  stoped to see a puppet show.
He said, “I can dance better than that”, quickly he climbed on to the stage, at first the puppet master didn’t like Pinokio but when he saw that the crowd love him, he just let Pinokio stay, at the end of the show, the puppet master gave Pinokio five copper coins and tell him to go straight home.
            On the way home Pinokio met a lame fox and a blind cat, knowing that Pinokio had money they pretend to be his friend, they trick Pinokio to put his money under a tree. They said, “do you want your money become gold?” And Pinokio was persuaded. After a while the fox and the cat that weren’t really lame and blind quickly snuck away and disguised themselves as thieves, when Pinokio start digging the money, they pounced on him. Then they ordered, “Give us the money!”. Just then Pinokio guardian the blue fairy sent her dog rufus to chase the fox and the cat, and then she take Pinokio back to her castle.
            The blue fairy said to Pinokio, “Why didn’t you go to school today?”. Pinokio answered, “I did”, just then his nose started to shot out like a tree branch, Pinokio was surprised and very sad. The fairy said that every time you tell a lie his nose will grow but if he tell the truth it will shrink, and she said that Pinokio will be a real boy if he learn how to be brave, generous, and honest. Then she told him to go home and not stop for any reason.
            Not very long before Pinokio met some boys, the boys said that he knows a place to have fun, so Pinokio followed the boys. The boy take Pinokio to a circuses but they doesn’t know that if you are bad you will be turned into donkeys and trained for the circuses.
            Not very long before they turned into donkeys, but because Pinokio was made from a tree branches he doesn’t changed completely, so the circus master throw him into the sea.

            After Pinokio swam for a long time a whale ate him, he was very scared, then he heard a voice from inside the whale stomach echoing it turn out that  the voice was from Gepeto. Gepeto was looking for Pinokio. Then Pinokio helped Gepeto to make a raft, when the raft was finished Pinokio tell a lie so that his nose will grow to tickle the whale, when the whale sneezes it blow them out of his stomach.
            Home at last Pinokio was very happy, and he remembered what the blue fairy had told him, the next  morning Pinokio came running down the steeps, jumping and wafing his arms. He ran to Gepeto and shouted, “look father, I’m a real boy!”

These are direct speech of the article above:

-          Direct speech in statement

1.      And Gepeto said, “you shall be my little boy and call you Pinokio”.

2.      Pinokio answered, “of course I can silly. Just give me a mouth to talk with”.

-          Direct speech in question

1.      The blue fairy said to Pinokio, “why didn’t you go to school today?”

2.      They said, “do you want your money become gold?”

-          Direct speech in imperative

1.      Then they ordered, “give us the money!”

2.      He ran to Gepeto and shouted, “look father, I’m a real boy!”

And these are indirect speech form of direct speech above:

-          Indirect speech in statement

1.      Gepeto said that he should be his litle boy and call him Pinokio.

2.      Pinokio answered that of course he could silly. Just gave him a mouth to talk with.

Explanation:

            The sentences above are changed from direct speech in statement above. Since both of direct speech are formed by present tense, both of indirect speech are changed into past tense. “Gepeto” and “Pinokio” as subject, and “said” and “answered” as verb.

-          Indirect speech in question

1.      The blue fairy asked why he has not gone to school.

2.      They wanted to know whether he wanted his money became gold.

Explanation:   

            The sentences above are changed from direct speech in question above. Since the first direct speech is formed by past tense, the indirect speech is changed into present perfect tense. And the second direct speech is formed by present tense, the indirect speech changed into past tense. “The blue fairy” and “They” as subject, and “asked” and “wanted” as verb.

-          Indirect speech in imperative

1.      Then they told that gave them the money.

2.      He ran to Gepeto and told that he was a real boy.

Explanation:

            The sentences above are changed from direct speech in imperative above. Since both of direct speech are formed by present tense, both of indirect speech are changed into past tense. “They” and “He” as subject, and both of “told” as verb.

Tugas Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbantuan Komputer #Softskill

ARTICLE 1

Foods that cause acne

Artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com - Foods That Cause Acne. Acne is one of the most hated enemy by everyone, especially women. Acne is not including a dangerous disease. But its presence is very annoying, though acne is not harmful but should we treat and handle well.

            Acne is caused by clogged pores due to overactive oil glands. Although many medical experts who denied any connection between acne with the food we eat, there's no harm in avoiding some foods that supposedly can trigger acne.

Here are some foods can cause acne:

1. Sugar and Chocolate

            Chocolate may be one of the most food trigger acne. Archives of Dermatology published a study which explains that the food has a high Glycemic Index scale, usually in processed carbohydrates such as sugar can cause the appearance of acne due to increased hormone levels.

2. Milk

            Some studies show a high milk intake may be associated with the appearance of acne. A Harvard study found that teens who drink milk more than two servings a day are more likely to suffer from severe acne. That is because the increase in growth hormone which causes the sebaceous glands in the skin become clogged.

3. Iodine

            Iodine may be one factor in the appearance of acne, such as skin oil glands which can irritate skin that is prone to acne. Iodine can be found in fish and shellfish because sea water contains iodine. In addition other sources comes from iodized salt which is a component of several types of canned food.

4.Caffeine and Alcohol

            Caffeine is considered to trigger the appearance of acne because it can affect hormone levels produced by the body. Some sources of caffeine are coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate. In addition, alcohol also causes an increase in hormones, particularly testosterone can cause acne more often.

5. Food Allergy Triggers

            Skin problems often arise due to food allergies, especially milk and eggs. Acne appears due to the immune system tries to fight the poison that is felt. An allergist has diagnosed and confirmed the relationship of food allergy with severe acne.

6. Fruit and Vegetable Characteristically Acid

            Some fruits and vegetables that are acidic can cause the appearance of acne, such as carrots, cucumbers, oranges, and lettuce. The acidity of the body can cause the appearance of acne, because it should be avoided.

Those are some foods that can trigger the onset of Acne.

ARTICLE 2

Diet and Effort to Have Offspring

Artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com - What you eat can affect the sex cells, better known as 'sperm' for men and 'egg' for women. Fertility in touch with what food is in the eating, so do a balanced diet can increase the chances to conceive and produce healthy offspring in the future. You do not have the power to change something that is derivative, but of course you can control what goes into the stomach.
            Actual differences in the male reproductive cycle and women is that men produce new sperm every day while women are born with a finite number of eggs and are not renewable in their ovaries. Because the quality of the eggs continued to decrease with age, so women who are aged above 35 years is more difficult to conceive. On the other hand, men face different problems. Their fertility levels are heavily influenced by the quality, quantity and spontaneous movement of their sperm. Usefulness of their reproductive organs, like testis, and epididymis skotrum (located in the vessel), also have an influence.
            Lack of food can damage the reproductive system. Zinc, folic acid and calcium, which is a mineral that can be found in food, should always be part of the daily diet to maintain fertility or fertility rates. Consumption is also A, C, E and selenium, which in sufficient quantities to function as antioxidants, to fight free radicals from cigarette, alcohol, drugs and others.
            If you want to have offspring, then you need to pay attention to what you eat. If you have not noticed your diet, get started, before it's too late. 

ARTICLE 3

Spurs - City Negotiate Adebayor Transfer

            Artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com - Tottenham Hotspur takes concrete steps to bring Emmanuel Adebayor. Spurs are now going through the process of talks with Manchester City to recruit the Togo striker.
            The arrival of Sergio Aguero attackers increasingly adding excess stock in the camp of The Citizens. Meanwhile, Adebayor is no longer desired by Roberto Mancini.
            Adebayor was on loan to Real Madrid in his second season with City. Former Arsenal player 27-year-old is hoping the Spanish giants want to sign him permanently but that has not materialized.
            Recently emerging issues that call that Harry Redknapp keen to use the services of Adebayor. However, only a loan player. Nego with the City has run several times, only the salary demands Adebayor is $ 170 thousand pounds per weekend which will be a major constraint.

ARTICLE 4

An Article about Environment

            Health officials who made checks at cemeteries discovered that the cemeteries had become one of the main causes for the spread of dengue fever in urban. They were shocked to find a lot of eades mosquitoes breeding in cemeteries. The eades mosquito spreads Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, DHV, to man.

            The officials were found a lot of pots, bottles, and vases holding flowers at the graves left there by people visiting the graves of their relatives. These containers had eventually rain and they soon became breeding grounds for these mosquitoes. Those living near cemeteries also become victims of dengue fever. Sadly it was the death f a caretaker of a cemetery that promoted the officials to investigate the surroundings near his house. This had led to the discovery of cemeteries as a breeding ground for eades mosquitoes.

            Since the discovery, the Health Department has appealed to the caretakers and the different associations in charge of graveyards to clear all containers left at graves as quickly as possible. The number of dengue cases notified as highest among the Chinese, followed by Malays, Indians, and others. All these cases had been mainly from the city areas. The Health Department is continually strengthening dengue prevention and control by holding talk shows, fogging housing estates and conducting checks at homes.

In this below, there are 5 active voice and its analysis:

1.      Acne is not including a dangerous disease.

            The active voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb_+ing + Complement. “Acne” is categorized as a subject, “is” as to be, “including” as verb_+ing, and “a dangerous disease” as a complement. The sentence using to be “is” because the subject “Acne” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and Verb_+ing. Thus, it shows an active present continous/progressive voice.

2.      An allergist has diagnosed and confirmed the relationship of food allergy with severe acne.

            The active voice above is formed by Subject + has/have + Verb₃ + Complement. “An allergist” is a Noun Phrase that categorized as a subject, “diagnosed and confirmed” are verba parallel that categorized as verb₃, and “the relationship of food allergy with severe acne” as a complement. The sentence using “has” because the subject “An allergist” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of has/have and verb₃. Thus, it shows an active present perfect voice.

3.      Tottenham Hotspur takes concrete steps to bring Emmanuel Adebayor.

            The active voice above is formed by Subject + Verb₁ + Complement. “Tottenham Hotspur” is categorized as a subject, “takes” as a verb₁, and “concrete steps to bring Emmanuel Adebayor” as a complement. The sentence using “takes” (verb_+s) because “Tottenham Hotspur” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of verb₁. Thus, it shows an active simple present voice.

4.      Spurs are now going through the process of talks with Manchester City to recruit the Togo striker.

            The active voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb_+ing + Complement. “Spurs” is categorized as a subject, “are” as a to be, “going” as a verb_+ing, and “the process of talks with Manchester City to recruit the Togo striker” is a complement. The sentence using to be “are” because “Spurs” is a prural noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb_+ing. Thus, it shows an active present continous/progressive voice.

5.      Former Arsenal player 27-year-old is hoping the Spanish giants want to sign him permanently but that has not materialized. 

            The active voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb_+ing + Complement. “Former Arsenal player 27-year-old” is Noun Phrase that categorized as a subject, “is” as a to be, “hoping” is a verb_+ing, and “the Spanish giants want to sign him permanently but that has not materialized” as a complement. The sentence using to be “is” because “Former Arsenal player 27-year-old” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb_+ing. Thus, it shows an active present continous/progressive voice.

And this below are 5 passive voice and its analysis:

1.      Acne is caused by clogged pores due to overactive oil glands.

            The passive voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb₃ + Complement. “Acne” is categorized as a subject, “is” as to be, “caused” as a verb₃, and “by clogged pores due to overactive oil glands” as a complement. The using to be “is” because “Acne” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb₃. Thus, it shows a passive present voice.

2.      Caffeine is considered to trigger the appearance of acne because it can affect hormone levels produced by the body.

            The passive voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb₃ + Complement. “Caffeine” is categorized as a subject, “is” as a to be, “considered” as verb₃, and “to trigger the appearance of acne because it can affect hormone levels produced by the body” as a complement. The sentence using to be “is” because “Caffeine” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb₃. Thus, it shows a passive present voice.

3.      Their fertility levels are heavily influenced by the quality, quantity, and spontaneous movement of their sperm.

            The passive voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb₃ + Complement. “Their fertility levels” is a Noun Phrase that categorized as a subject, “ are” as a to be, “heavily influenced by the quality, quantity, and spontaneous movement of their sperm” as a complement. The sentence using to be “are” because “Their fertility levels” is a plural noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb₃. Thus, it shows a passive present voice.

4.      Meanwhile, Adebayor is no longer desired by Roberto Mancini.

            The passive voice above is formed by Subject + to be + Verb₃ + Comlpement. “Adebayor” is categorized as a subject, “is” as a to be, “desired” as a verb₃, and “by Roberto Mancini” as a complement. The sentence using to be “is” because “Adebayor” is a singular noun. As can be seen, the sentence above consist of to be and verb₃. Thus, it shows a passive present voice.

5.      The officials were found a lot of pots, bottles, and vases holding flowers at the graves left there by people visiting the graves of their relatives.

            The passive voice above is formed by Subject + was/were + Verb₃ + Complement. “The officials” is categorized as a subject, “found” as a verb₃, and “a lot of pots, bottles, and vases holding flowers at the graves left there by people visiting the graves of their relatives” as a complement. The sentence using “were” because “The officials” is a plural noun. As ca be seen, the sentence above consist of was/were and verb₃. Thus, it shows a passive past voice.

Tulisan 27 (Softskill)

Reality Changes

Staring at the sun's growing dusk

Persue a path that has no lead

No one seems, all quiet and silent

All seemed to die, only me, myself

Lost in the endless road

Burning heat of the sun

And get lost in the dark of night

As if the sun would never smile

And slence will never change

I'll never be affraid, I'll never cry

I'll continue to run and seek

Until the sun will reveal smile

Until dusk will change

Until the silence would be solved with laughter

And until many envious eyes staring at me

And when the moment came later

When all eyes are looking at me

I looked at a distant object

Small, lack, and shabby

No one came and no one care

I stuck through it now falls

I was stunned when I see what is in front of me

The twilight indeed been changed

And sun are watching

Tulisan 26 (Softskill)

Kala ku tersadar

Membiarkan deburan ombak di pantai

Menghempaskan sunyi ini

Tertatih menjalani kehidupan

Yang seolah tak berpihak lagi

Tuhan pun seolah tiada mendengar keluh ini

Hanya dapat menanti sang senja

Dan berharap mentari

Kan merubah segalanya esok

Kini semua bagai terlahir kembali kala ku tersadar

Kini semua seolah berpihak padaku

Bagai alur cerita dalam sebuah novel

Yang membuatku kini terpana

Dunia yang dahulu bagaikan lawan

Kini menjadi sahabatku

Tulisan 25 (Softskill)

Traffic accidents

                Traffic accidents is the accident where the motorcycle or the car collide with other objects and resulted the demage. Number of accidents in several cities in Indonesia, especially big city like Jakarta, due to the imbalance in the traffic. This is because the difference between the capacity of the highway with a number of existing vehicles.

                There are three main factors that caused the accident, the first is the human factor, vehicle factor and factor of street. The combination of these three factors that could have happened, for example between people and vehicles traveling faster than the speed limit set then tire burst resulting in a vehicle accident. Besides, there are environmental factors, weather can also contribute to accidents.

1.      Human factor

The human factor is the most dominant factor in the accident. Almost all incidents preceded by violation of traffic signs.

2.      Vehicle factor

Factors most common vehicle is flat tire, brakes not working as it should, and overall vehicle factors strongly associated with the technologies used, maintenance performed on the vehicle.

3.      Factor of street

Damaged roads / hollow very dangerous road users, especially for users of motorcycles.

4.      Weather factor

                The road became more slippery, visibility is also affected because the windshield wiper does not work perfectly because of heavy rains.

Prevention can be done to minimize the impact of a crash or accident , such as:

1 . The use of a seat belt ( seat belts )

every accident as evidenced by the use of seat belts can reduce the risk of mortality by two thirds and reduce the risk of injuries or serious injury .

2 . Maintenance ( maintenance )

The design and maintenance of vehicles is good , such good brakes and suspension that can be controlled in emergencies so that will be better equipped to avoid collisions . Some mandatory vehicle inspection schemes include tests for some aspects of the feasibility of the road , like the British MOT test or German TUV inspection . The design of vehicles has also evolved to improve protection after collision , both for vehicle occupants and for those outside of the vehicle .

3 . Road Design

Wide pavement suitable for pedestrian traffic expected

- Pedestrian crossing close to the line that allow pedestrians to cross the road safely .

- Route pedestrian lane separated and away from the main highway .

- Which can reduce the speed bumps

- Low speed limits are strictly enforced , possibly by the camera .

4 . Road User Rule

Security can be enhanced with methods that encourage safe behavior , or reduce the likelihood of a driver or rider error . Some of these include :

- Mandatory training and licensing for riders

- Restrictions on driving while intoxicated or impaired by drugs .

- Restrictions on the use of mobile phones while on the move .

- Compulsory insurance to compensate victims .

- Restricted hours of commercial vehicle drivers

- Enforcement of traffic laws , including running the red light cameras

- A "curfew " imposed on young drivers to prevent them driving at night .

- An experienced supervisor to chaperone the less experienced driver .

- Vehicle restrictions ( eg restricting access to vehicles ' high performance ' )

Tulisan 24 (Softskill)

Technology And The Influence

                The development of the information technology world so rapidly has brought tremendous benefits for the advancement of human civilization. Communication activities that previously required equipment is so complex, has been replaced by the relatively automatic machines. Likewise with the invention of the formulations have a new variety of computer capacity, was able to shift position as the ability of the human brain in a variety of disciplines and areas of human activity. Information and communication technology advances we have achieved now, really been recognized and felt provide a lot of convenience and comfort for human life.

                For the community, the development of technology is considered as the solution of existing problems. In addition, it is also believed to give humanity happiness and immortality. As we know that in the modern era like nowdays, the role of information technology in daily life must be very influential. It is not independent of our activity which is often supported by information technology itself is capable of answering the demands of the job faster, easier, cheaper and saves time.

                Advances in technology be the answer of the progress of globalization that increasingly enveloped the world. A progress which would give effect to the civilization of student life.  Many students who also act as users of information technology and communications, proving that the life they lead is never separated from the role of information technology.

                Facing these circumstances, we as students need to be directed at the attitude of "conscious technology" or "technological literacy". Progress is often interpreted as a modernization, promising the ability of humans to control nature through science, improve the material well-being through technology and improve the effectiveness of organizations through the application of skills students are based on consideration of consciousness. Because the science of information and communication technology as well, people can do things that had not been imagined.

                On the one hand, technology has advantages for those who use it. Let's say that in terms of sharing information, students can access information quickly and easily with the world, so that they may realize that the world seems to be in their grasp. An access course will enrich students with a wealth of information that can spur their motivation to improve their creativity, especially in the field of informatics.

                Not only that, the information and communication technology also has a significant role in terms of the means of learning. Because as we all know that the information and communication technology has now penetrated into the education curriculum. One thing that would be a breakthrough in the world of education in the event of an increase in potential students. In addition to the wave of progress and development in the field of educational technology has brought changes to the lives and lifestyles of students more dynamic. Given this, it keeps the students and channeling the spirit of science to explore the unknown.

                Our present life slowly began to change from the formerly industrial era turned into the era of information and communication beyond the influence of globalization and information technology that makes computers, the Internet, and the rapid development of information technology as a major part of that should be there or should not lack in education. The ability to speak a foreign language and computer literacy are two criteria that often times people are asked to enter the era of globalization in Indonesia and around the world.

                On the other hand, information and communication technology can also encourage us to look at the small things as things that can be used as a number of opportunities presented in front of the eye. Because, then we can reverse the direction of cultural imperialism brought about by developments in the information technology field, into something useful.

                In the past people used technology as a tool for making survival an easier endeavor. Nowadays we are witnessing a shift in the role technology is playing in our society and may continue to play for generations to come. In the modern-day world technology is no longer a tool for survival but it turned to a means of communication and entertainment. Mass communication technology has made it easier than ever to connect with people. At the same time this raises the concern of whether technology has a good or bad influence on our society, is the use of technology destroying face-to-face interaction and communication between people?

                Whenever you're in a coffee shop, standing at a bus stop or taking the tube you can easily see how people are connected to each other using different sorts of electronic devices. The primary concern regarding this new communication behavior is whether it made face-to-face interaction and communication between people nonexistent. This is true in many aspects as this may lead to living in a virtual world that only includes interacting with people with texting and social networks. This leads, among other things, to the ability for people to be lonely, as having too many virtual friendships causes the inability to establish meaningful relationships. The young generations in our society are participating in a massive, unintentional social experiment the results of which are not entirely predictable.

                The lack of communication affects also relationships inside one family. It is quite common in today’s society for a family to eat dinner completely separate from each - almost purposely avoiding face-to-face communications. On the other hand there might be an explanation for this phenomenon; husbands, wives, boyfriends and girlfriends no longer go entire days without speaking to each other on the phone, emailing each other, facebooking each other or texting each other.

                The paradox of the mass communication technology is that we are growing more distant from each other when we choose to make smartphones, computers, television, and the like our primary means of communicating with each other. Technology is a wonderful tool that is supposed to help humans improve their life quality but instead of that it is preventing us from continuing to be able to form meaningful relationships with each other. It is true that the long-term social effects of modern communication are still to be seen but it doesn’t seem, at least for now, like they are more beneficial than detrimental to society.

                These days, as more and more people speak about the emerging Information Society, we should think again how to prepare the society for the changes in the style of human life. No doubts that so-called Information Society has many advantages, for example in trade, production, services, communication etc. Unfortunately, it also has many potential risks that shouldn't be ignored. Some high level experts believe that improper use of technology could, in specific circumstances, cause the elimination of these advantages. From this point of view, the influence of technologies on the human mind is considered as the most hazardous factor. Increasing the use of technology instead of face to face communication could have negative influence on the human mind. It is most important to investigate this influence in the sphere of education, where the effects of these factors could be fatal. And vice versa. The appropriate use of technology could have a significant benefit for the whole society. That's why professionals in well-developed countries, which are on the edge of the Information society, start to pay more attention to these problems. But not only professionals. Even general public, media and politicians consider these matters very important. I am sure we should also pay more attention to it. In order to gain some basic orientation in this field, we will take a small excursion into some branches of science that may have certain connection to the impact of technology in education.

Tulisan 23 (Softskill)

Biography of Nadya Hutagalung

                Nadya Yuti Hutagalung born in Sydney, Australia, July 28, 1974, age 38 tahun. Nadya is an environmental activist, designer jewelry ekosentris and famous figures in Singapore and Asia.

                Selected as one of the most beautiful and stylish women, few Asian stars who could match the popularity of Nadya Hutagalung. As one of the pioneers of the MTV VJ much loved, Nadya has entertained more than 70 million households across Asia. Her efforts have led to success, fame and appreciation, not only that, after a successful start in the world of entertainment, Nadya continued hard work and a woman are the most popular, versatile and successful in Asia.

                She was elected as one of Asia's Leading Trendmakers by Asiaweek magazine with the Dalai Lama, Michelle Yeoh and Chow Yun Fatt, for her ability to inspire and attract public attention. In the same year, she also voted Showtime Personality of the Year by Singapore's The New Paper, and Singapore's Most Gorgeous Woman by Female magazine readers. Nadya was also appointed as one of the top ten television Shining Stars in Indonesia by Indonesian magazine, Star.

                Nadya currently is building a green house and become ambassadors World Wildlife Funds Earth Hour in Singapore, supports the green movement to create a better world for all. Her interest in the color and style of painting took her to the world of painting, which is also supported by her mother an artist. Her art exhibition that was held recently helped raise funds for the Tsunami Relief Fund, and allow it to channel her enthusiasm for helping others.

                Creative and classy style, both in life and fashion, has put her in a class by itself and trigger it to establish a jewelry company named Osel, which in Tibetan means Bright Lights. A very appropriate name. With her unique, Nadya managed to create works of lasting fruit and dazzling. It's a collection that invites admiration.

                Nadya life spirit will push to offer assistance wherever and whenever it is needed, because the charity is also taking an important role in her life. She divides her spare time to support the preservation of endangered species, lent her voice to raise awareness of women's issues, to paint for a charity art exhibition for the Tsunami Relief Fund and a volunteer and raise funds (for victims of the Bali bombings and the Yogyakarta earthquake buni).

                Nadya continues to seek ways to develop themselves both personally and professionally, and has proven itself in the past with a remarkable commitment to whatever she lived.

Tulisan 22 (Softskill)

Rape (Incest)

Crime is a symptom of social that grow and develop in the community since ancient times until now. The development of a crime that happened through various mass media information, whether printed or electronic, or when we read crime statistics found an increase in crime rates in the community. An increase in crime rates is not only happening on an increasing number of quantity or crime, but also an increase in the mode of techniques and tactics in doing evil.

Lively preaching about the occurrence of crime and notes on criminal statistics, have not been able to deliver any type of crime happens. That is, there are still many crimes occur which are not reported or not successfully detected by mass media, the dark figure of crime (dark number of crime) so that a known crime has not shown any real number.

Besides non-conventional crime, in the development of the daily life of conventional crimes also occur, for example, crimes against property (theft, embezzlement, extortion, fraud and others), crimes against the body and the soul, such as murder, assault, and others as well as various types of crimes in the field of morality.

In general the occurrence of crimes is very detrimental to society, particularly victims of crime. One of the types of crime that happened a very adverse and troubling the public, is the criminal act of rape, more tragic again when the rape was committed within the family itself (just call it sexual violence/rape/Incest blood).

Incest is sexual relations between two people or siblings who are still related relationship blood. Act of incest is not a purely female problems, but problems that must be faced by the whole community. While the impact of incest against the victim, the victim's position, also cornered the sacrifices of being humble, shy, traumatic, even the load of suffering victims will not be gone for good, so that it does not cover possible expenses which cannot be borne out that lead to suicide victims or crazy.

Example case: for instance in Lampung, Lampung Post, presents news, (Ap 16 years) who lives in Tanggamus confessed four times, raped by Muk alias Black, aged 43 years and had four children, as the uncle of the victim. As a result the Ap still sit in 3rd grade Jnior High School, pregnant 4 months, Muk not willing to take responsibility.

Rape is a crime that is very unsettling society, once people read or hear news of rape arise anxiety, fear and concern especially for those who have a daughter, so that people attempting to avoid this criminal act. Although there have been attempts to avoid this criminal offence, but the criminal act of rape still happens in public life.

Rape often got reactions from the public, if these events occur on a girl, teen or kids, especially when it happens to blood relatives (incest). As if these events destroyed the future victim, because in general Indonesian people still glorify the value of virginity, this value is influenced by cultural and religious factors. In terms of religion, the marriage is considered to be something sacred, so that victims of rape have tarnished before entering holy matrimony. More than that, never mind do rape, even adultery is prohibited in Islam.

Incest action can be divided to several categories:

1. Incest Pedophilic practice that is done by a father who is not mature his sikoseksual or experiencing sexual difficulties. To satisfy his sexual function related to his daughter.

2. Psycopathic incest is incest behavior conducted a psychopath (psycopat) are considered most people, including her own daughter as a sexual object. Therefore, this kind of incest perpetrators almost never show a sense of guilt for his actions, even likely desperate, do not hesitate to commit rape against someone other than the occupants of the house. Such relationship exists cousin or other relatives.

3. Family incest generated. A father who passively while his wife interrupted keperibadiannya. As a result, life for them bland marriage and children subjected to sexual abuse. The children made ​​their own kind of his father's concubine.

The Causes of The Occurrence of Incest               

One of the causes of the occurrence of a crime (including blood rape) is poverty and misery, that influence the state of the human soul. Misery makes the mind become blunt. Education that is held at home and at school, holding a very important role in shaping the nature of a person. Places of worship were holy places that are able to connect and reassuring the soul between death and living creatures, therefore, lack of education, mental and spiritual or religious can be the basic cause of the occurrence of crimes of Incest. Recklessness offender committing incest is a real ignorance even more without the knowledge and belief is supported by the religious teachings owned.

People still commit crimes because knowledge of the policy is not real to him. Therefore education is carried out at home and at school plays a very important in shaping one's personality, and education are ugly or failure in school and developed in-house will result in the emergence of a crime, and added again to the state of the environment that encourages someone to do crime, including natural circumstances (geographical, and climatological), the state of the economy and the level of civility.

Environmental factors influenced sub-factor in it, which has always played an important role, namely the social and cultural conditions that created the internal and family around the dwelling (marginally), as well as new technological advances such as the effect of stimulating spectacle and habits that do not restrict male and female genitalia , because there is a thought that is very close blood relatives (family), while the old-old accidentally become a habit (addicted) to continue to perform sexual incest, because incest is considered safe enough done and seen no significant resistance, because the child obedience and devotion given to her parents, silent and reluctant to reveal his own ugliness family.

In the perspective of myth: Rape is an act of implusif and driven by uncontrollable concupiscence. The victim was raped by a stranger (no known casualties), the sick soul, which stake out of the darkness. Rape only happens among poor people and not educated. Women raped because both are inviting rape (berpakain skimpy, dress up, look garish teaser and so on). The rape happened in a high risk, such as outdoors, quiet, dark and at night; Women in disguise as it is like to be raped.

But rape was not concupiscence, does not happen instantly. It is the sexual violence and manifestations of power aimed at perpetrators over the victims. Rape is part of the planned actions. Many perpetrators of rape are known well by the victims. In fact, a lot of rape can happen to anyone, no matter the gorgeous or not, all ages, all social classes. Rape has nothing to do with the appearance of a person. Rape can occur in children under age and also on the aged. Almost half of the number of rapes occurred in the home of the victim, disiang day. Rape victims never feel pleased and hoped no rape. Trauma because the rape is hardly gone from life.

Observing what is described above it can be seen rape occasionally occur solely sourced from the actors themselves, which is driven by uncontrollable lust, but sometimes also influenced by the appearance of the victim offender raises passions. From the point of the victim, rape does not only happen in adults, The children are victims of crime than the perpetrators of rape rape by officials as well as the unemployed, people who have not known or sometimes people who are very close relationship with the victim, even though incest

The Kind of Rape

Rape can occur in many different types; types of rape by Steven Box, as quoted Made Darma Vedas namely:

"Sadistic rape" is rape is sadistic. The actors get sexual satisfaction not for intercourse, but because the act of violence against "ganitalia" and the body of the victim.

"Anger rape" rape as an expression of anger done with physical properties. Sex becomes a weapon and in this case not getting sexual pleasure. Often intended to humiliate the victim's wishes.

"Domination rape" rape is committed by those who wanted to show his power, an employer who raped his subordinates. There is no intention to hurt him. His desire is to have them sexually.

"Seduction turned into rape" rape is characterized by the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Rarely used physical violence and there is no intent to embarrass. The target is the satisfaction of the perpetrator and the victim blamed herself for his equivocal.

"Exploitation rape" is a rape in which the woman is very dependent on the perpetrator of both social and economic. Often occur where the wife was forced by her husband. Even if there is agreement not due to any sexual desires of the wife, but often for the sake of domestic peace.

Impacts of Rape Victim

Physical impacts are: asthma, suffer from migraines, insomnia, pain during intercourse, sores on the lips (lesion on lipcaused by scratch), sores on the genitals, bowel trouble, injuries to the chin, genital infections, the possibility of can not bear children, venereal disease, infection of the hip and others.

Mental impact is: very scared of being alone, fear in others, nervous, often surprised, very afraid, be very careful with strangers, it's hard to trust someone, do not believe anymore in men, fear of sex, others do not feel like it, emotionally cold, hard dealing with the public and friends, hate anything, isolation, fear, nightmares, feeling the world is not as beautiful as expected.

The impact of personal and social life: abandoned close friends, feeling betrayed, the relationship with her husband deteriorated, do not like sex, can not fall in love, hard to build a relationship with a man, afraid to talk to him, it is difficult to believe or really love, avoiding every man , against the hate-offender.

Women victims of rape are not uncommon especially the unmarried, mental shock. Shocks the soul is what makes rape victims sometimes scared, anxious, nervous, irritable, ashamed, feeling abnormal self, cry when reminded of the event and tend to shut down.

Incest victim gave birth pains that are not simple. Pressure disappointments, conflicts and concerns are not resolved, such as ignoring their surroundings, always overshadowed by the things that seemed to threaten him, raised a strong sense of depression.

In general it can be concluded that the victims of incestuous rape (incest) is an alarming crime victims. The suffering of the victim can be categorized in three forms, namely physical suffering, mental anguish and suffering both personal and social. Physical pain or suffering experienced by victims of materiel, there are physical injuries, both serious wound in the victim's vagina or abrasions or bruises on other parts of the body (due to coercion). Psychological suffering is fear, shame, guilt, self-esteem feel they have no longer feel anxious or worried about his future. Personal suffering and social impact not only on the victim, but involves a large family (nuclear family) close friend in his life abandoned, betrayed, or an incestuous relationship with her husband deteriorated, do not like sex, can not fall in love, hard to build a relationship with a man, afraid to talk to him, it is difficult to believe or really love, avoiding every man, against the hate-victim offender with blood though.

The Qur'an does not mention specifically about rape, but more focused on adultery, whether done as they liked by both parties or due to force someone to commit zina (rape). Meaning if there is evidence that the pregnancy was due to rape women, then it is not subject to hadd her adultery. While the penalty is imposed against the rapist, the rapist is there the same was married or not.